I. Gabatarwa ga sadarwa
masana'antun tashar caji motociya ce: Sadarwa, wanda kuma aka yi amfani da kalmar sadarwa, wasu mutane sun yi imanin cewa harafin sakamako ne na son zuciya, yayin da labarai ke fifita tsarin da hanya, amma da alama babu bambanci sosai a cikin ra'ayin rarrabuwa ba za a iya rikicewa ba. Ko dai wasiƙa ce ko sadarwa, amfani da sigina daban-daban ne, kamar wutar lantarki, maganadisu, haske, da sauransu, don isar da bayanan da za a bayyana zuwa inda ake nufi. A matsayin misali mai sauƙi, idan akwai ɗalibai biyu da ke zaune a Gine-gine na 1 da Gine-gine na 2, suna tattauna cewa idan sun ga farar riga, za su tsallake aji tare a yau. A nan za a iya sauƙaƙe kamar yadda, a cikin wani yanayi na musamman, farar riga = tsallake aji tare, ya dace da yarjejeniyar sadarwa, ban da ayyuka da dama da suka shafi: 1. rataye farar riga 2. duba farar riga 3. hasken rana isa ya ga riga, bi da bi, daidai da ka'idar sadarwa ta coding, decoding, channel. Hakika, ainihin rayuwar sadarwa, ta fi rikitarwa fiye da misalin farin riga, buƙatar aminci, kwanciyar hankali, tattalin arziki da sauran ra'ayoyi don la'akari da zaɓin tashar, da kuma farashin kayan aikin ɓoyewa da ɓoye bayanai da sauransu, misali, za mu iya zaɓar 4G na hanyar sadarwar sadarwa ta Intanet na Abubuwa, amma farashin yana da yawa, za ku iya barin wasu daga cikin kwanciyar hankali, don zaɓar hanyar sadarwar sadarwa ta GPRS ta Abubuwan.
masana'antun tashar caji motociya ce:Baya ga muhimman ayyukan yarjejeniya, tsari da kuma hanyar sadarwa da aka ambata a sama, muhimmin batu a cikin sadarwa ta IOT shine yin lamba don asali da wurin da za a kai kowane bayani, wato, a bayyana a sarari WANENE WHO, ta hanyar lambar za a iya gano kowace na'ura a duniya a asali da wurin da za a kai, kuma ta hanyar hanyar da ta dace, a yi bayanin bisa ga wata hanya da za a iya isarwa tsakanin su biyun. Wannan ana kiransa "adireshi", wanda ke farawa da yadda ake sanya adireshi, kuma yana ci gaba da yadda ake barin siginar ta sami adireshin wurin da za a kai ta hanyar ƙa'idodi na musamman.
masana'antun tashar caji motociya ce:Mafi mahimmancin ra'ayoyi guda biyu a cikin sadarwa ta IoT sune adireshin IP da adireshin MAC. Adireshin IP shine adireshin da yarjejeniyar Intanet ke amfani da shi, yayin da adireshin MAC shine adireshin da yarjejeniyar Ethernet ke amfani da shi. Kowace hanyar Ethernet tana da adireshin bit 48 na musamman a duniya, wanda ƙungiyar IEEE ke gudanarwa, kuma ana ƙona adireshin MAC a cikin kowace katin cibiyar sadarwa ta masana'antar katin. Mai ƙera katin cibiyar sadarwa yana ƙona adireshin MAC a cikin kowane kati, adireshin MAC yana da na musamman kamar lambar katin shaida. Ana ci gaba da ƙara alaƙar taswirar tsakanin adireshin MAC da adireshin IP ta kowane mai masauki, wanda ya zama "teburin taswirar adireshi", kuma ana kwatanta adireshin IP da lambar ƙofa. Don haka na'urar da ke da takamaiman katin ID na MAC1, a yau a cikin lambar ƙofa IP1 don zama, kuma gobe a cikin lambar ƙofa IP2 don zama, na'urar katin ID na MAC2 iri ɗaya kuma tana iya kasancewa a cikin IP1 don zama.
Idan aka kwatanta da adiresoshin IP, akwai adiresoshin URL (Uniform Resoure Locator), ma'ana Uniform Resource Locator, wanda ke nufin adireshin fayilolin Intanet akan Yanar Gizo, URLs suna amfani da lambobi da haruffa a cikin wani tsari don tantance adireshi, dole ne a canza URLs zuwa lambobin ƙofa (watau, adiresoshin IP) ta hanyar sabar DNS don nemo inda aka sanya fayil ɗin akan sabar akan yanar gizo.
II. Sadarwar Tarin Motoci
masana'antun tashar caji motociya ce:1. Sadarwar CAN tsakanin abin hawa da tarin DC bisa ga GB/T 27930-2023
masana'antun tashar caji motociya ce:CAN ita ce taƙaitaccen bayanin Controller Area Network, wanda BOSCH, wani kamfani na Jamus wanda ya shahara wajen haɓakawa da samar da kayayyakin lantarki na motoci, ya ƙirƙiro shi daga ƙarshe kuma ya zama mizani na ƙasa da ƙasa (ISO11898), kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin motocin bas da aka fi amfani da su a duniya. A Arewacin Amurka da Yammacin Turai, yarjejeniyar bas ta CAN ta zama mizani na yau da kullun don tsarin sarrafa kwamfuta na motoci da LANs na sarrafa masana'antu, kuma tana da yarjejeniyar J1939 da aka tsara don manyan motoci da manyan motocin injina tare da CAN a matsayin yarjejeniyar da ke ƙarƙashinta.
masana'antun tashar caji motociya ce:A halin yanzu, China da Japan suna amfani da hanyar sadarwa ta bas ta CAN a cikin caji mai sauri na DC. A cikin ma'auninmu, an bayyana cikakken kwararar caji na DC kamar haka: kammala haɗin jiki - ƙara ƙarfin lantarki mai ƙarancin wutar lantarki - girgiza hannu - saitin sigogi - caji - sadarwa kafin ƙarshen - ƙarshen caji.
masana'antun tashar caji motociya ce:Bayan ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki, abin hawa da tarin suna shiga matakin sadarwa har zuwa ƙarshe. A duk tsawon tsarin sadarwa, abin hawa da tarin suna canja wurin bayanai tsakanin juna, muna kiransa "saƙo", mai zuwa ya dogara ne akan taƙaitaccen bayanin saƙon ƙasa, wanda ya fara da C don bayanan tarin caji, B ya fara da VCU na abin hawa, bayanan BMS, ta hanyar waɗannan ma'anoni, za mu iya sanin cewa tsarin caji, abin hawa na lantarki da tarin caji kusan abin da ake buƙatar musanya a tsakaninsu.
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