Bayanin sabon cajin abin hawa makamashi

Sigar baturi

1.1 Ƙarfin baturi

Naúrar ƙarfin baturi shine kilowatt-hour (kWh), wanda kuma aka sani da "digiri". 1kWh yana nufin "ƙararfin da na'urar lantarki ke cinyewa tare da ƙarfin kilowatt 1 na awa ɗaya." Don sauƙin fahimta, wannan asusun jama'a galibi yana amfani da “digiri” don bayyana shi. Masu karatu kawai su sani cewa ita na'ura ce ta makamashin lantarki kuma ba sa bukatar zurfafa cikin ma'anarta.

[Misali] Ƙarfin baturi na motoci da SUVs masu kewayon 500km kusan digiri 60 da digiri 70 bi da bi. A halin yanzu ana iya samar da manyan motocin lantarki masu tsabta da batura masu matsakaicin ƙarfin 150 kwh da kewayon tuki mai tsayi har zuwa 1,000km.

Akwai farantin suna mai bayanin abin hawa a ƙofar gaban dama (ko ƙofar baya ta dama) na sabuwar motar makamashi. Ana ƙididdige darajar baturi ta amfani da ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki × ƙididdige ƙarfin /1000. Sakamakon ƙididdiga na iya ɗan bambanta da ƙimar hukuma na kamfanin mota.

1.2 SOC

SOC shine taƙaitaccen bayanin "Jihar caji“, wanda ke nufin yanayin cajin baturi, wato sauran ƙarfin baturi, yawanci ana bayyana shi azaman kashi.

1.3 Nau'in baturi

Yawancin sabbin motocin makamashi da ke kasuwa suna amfani da batir lithium-ion, waɗanda za a iya raba su zuwa batir phosphate na lithium baƙin ƙarfe da batir lithium na ternary.

Daga cikin su, akwai takamaiman bayyanar cututtuka guda biyu na "mara kyau daidaito" na batir phosphate na lithium baƙin ƙarfe. Na farko, nunin SOC ba daidai ba ne: alal misali, marubucin kwanan nan ya sami Xpeng P5, wanda ya ɗauki mintuna 50 don caji daga 20% zuwa 99%, yayin caji daga 99% zuwa Ya ɗauki mintuna 30 don isa 100%, wanda a bayyane yake. matsala tare da nunin SOC; na biyu, saurin saukar da wutar lantarki bai yi daidai ba (shima yana faruwa ne idan aka cika caji): wasu motocin ba su nuna wani canji a rayuwar batir bayan sun yi tafiyar kilomita 10 bayan an caje su, yayin da wasu motocin ba sa yin caji. Rayuwar baturi ta ragu zuwa 5km bayan 'yan matakai. Don haka, ya kamata a cika batir phosphate na lithium baƙin ƙarfe sau ɗaya a mako don daidaita daidaiton sel.

Sabanin haka, saboda yanayin kayan, baturan lithium na ternary ba su dace da filin ajiye motoci ba bayan an cika su (amma za su iya ci gaba da tuki zuwa kasa da 90% nan da nan bayan an cika su).Bugu da kari, ko wane irin baturi ne, bai kamata a tuhume shi a karkashin ƙananan yanayin baturi ba (SOC <20%), kuma kada a caje shi a cikin matsanancin yanayi (zazzabi sama da 30°C ko ƙasa da 0°C).

Dangane da saurin caji, ana iya raba hanyoyin caji zuwa saurin caji da jinkirin caji.

(1)Saurin caji

Wutar cajin caji mai sauri shine gabaɗaya ƙarfin aiki na motocin lantarki (mafi yawa a kusa da 360-400V). A cikin babban iko, na yanzu zai iya kaiwa 200-250A, daidai da 70-100kW na iko. Wasu samfura tare da caji azaman wurin siyar da su na iya kaiwa 150kW ta babban ƙarfin lantarki. a sama. Yawancin motoci na iya caji daga 30% zuwa 80% a cikin rabin sa'a.

[Misali] Ɗaukar mota mai ƙarfin baturi na digiri 60 (tare da kewayon kusan kilomita 500) a matsayin misali, caji mai sauri (ikon 60kW) na iyacajin baturirayuwa na 250km a cikin rabin sa'a (high ikon kewayon)