Tare da saurin bunkasuwar sabbin kasuwannin motocin makamashi na kasar Sin, yin amfani da fasahar Motoci zuwa-Grid (V2G) ya kara zama da muhimmanci ga gina dabarun makamashi na kasa da kuma hanyoyin sadarwa masu kaifin basira.Fasahar V2G tana canza motocin lantarki zuwa rukunin ajiyar makamashi ta hannu kuma tana amfani da tulin caji ta hanyoyi biyu don gane watsa wutar lantarki daga abin hawa zuwa grid.Ta hanyar wannan fasaha, motocin lantarki na iya ba da wutar lantarki ga grid a lokacin lokutan nauyi mai yawa da kuma cajin lokacin ƙananan ƙananan kaya, suna taimakawa wajen daidaita nauyin a kan grid.
A ranar 4 ga Janairu, 2024, Hukumar Bunkasa Kasa da Gyara ta Kasa da sauran sassan sun fitar da takardan manufofin cikin gida na farko da aka yi niyya musamman na fasahar V2G - "Ra'ayoyin Aiwatar da Haɗin kai da hulɗar Sabbin Motocin Makamashi da Wutar Lantarki."Dangane da baya "Ra'ayoyin Jagora kan Ci gaba da Ƙirƙirar Tsarin Kayan Aiki Mai Kyau" wanda Babban Ofishin Majalisar Dokokin Jiha ya bayar, ra'ayoyin aiwatarwa ba kawai sun fayyace ma'anar fasahar haɗin gwiwar abin hawa-cibiyar sadarwa ba, amma har ma sun gabatar da takamaiman manufofi da manufofi. dabarun, da kuma shirin yin amfani da su a cikin kogin Yangtze, kogin Pearl Delta, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei-Shandong, Sichuan da Chongqing da sauran yankunan da suke da balagagge yanayi don kafa ayyukan nuna.
Bayanan da aka samu a baya sun nuna cewa akwai cajin tulin caji kusan 1,000 da ayyukan V2G a kasar, kuma a halin yanzu akwai cajin tulin cajin miliyan 3.98 a kasar, wanda ya kai kashi 0.025% na adadin da ake cajewa.Bugu da ƙari, fasahar V2G don hulɗar abin hawa da hanyar sadarwa ita ma tana da girma, kuma aikace-aikace da bincike na wannan fasaha ba sabon abu ba ne a duniya.Sakamakon haka, akwai babban ɗakin ingantawa a cikin shaharar fasahar V2G a birane.
A matsayin matukin jirgi maras nauyi na kasa, Beijing tana inganta amfani da makamashi mai sabuntawa.Manyan sabbin motocin makamashi na birnin da kuma cajin kayayyakin more rayuwa sun aza harsashin amfani da fasahar V2G.A karshen shekarar 2022, birnin ya gina sama da tankunan caji 280,000 da tashoshi 292 na musayar baturi.
Koyaya, yayin haɓakawa da aiwatarwa, fasahar V2G kuma tana fuskantar jerin ƙalubale, galibi waɗanda ke da alaƙa da yuwuwar aiwatar da ainihin aiki da gina abubuwan more rayuwa masu dacewa.Daukar birnin Beijing a matsayin misali, a kwanan baya masu bincike daga Cibiyar Bincike ta Paper sun gudanar da wani bincike kan makamashi da wutar lantarki da masana'antu masu alaka da cajin birane.
Tuliyoyin caji na hanyoyi biyu suna buƙatar babban farashin saka hannun jari na farko
Masu bincike sun koyi cewa idan fasahar V2G ta shahara a cikin birane, zai iya magance matsalar da ake fama da ita a yanzu na "mawuyacin samun tarin caji" a birane.Kasar Sin har yanzu tana cikin matakin farko na amfani da fasahar V2G.Kamar yadda mai kula da tashar wutar lantarki ya nuna, a ka’idar, fasahar V2G tana kama da ba wa wayoyin hannu damar yin cajin bankunan wutar lantarki, amma ainihin aikace-aikacen sa yana buƙatar ƙarin sarrafa baturi da hulɗar grid.
Masu bincike sun gudanar da bincike kan kamfanonin caji a birnin Beijing, kuma sun gano cewa, a halin yanzu, galibin tulin cajin da ake yi a birnin Beijing, tulin cajin ne ta hanya daya da ke iya cajin motoci kawai.Don haɓaka tarin caji ta hanyoyi biyu tare da ayyukan V2G, a halin yanzu muna fuskantar ƙalubale masu amfani da yawa:
Na farko, biranen matakin farko, irin su Beijing, suna fuskantar karancin filaye.Don gina tashoshin caji tare da ayyukan V2G, ko yin haya ko siyan ƙasa, yana nufin saka hannun jari na dogon lokaci da tsada mai tsada.Menene ƙari, yana da wuya a sami ƙarin ƙasar da ke akwai.
Na biyu, zai ɗauki lokaci don canza tarin cajin da ke akwai.Kudin saka hannun jari na ginshiƙan cajin gini yana da ƙima, gami da farashin kayan aiki, wurin haya da wayoyi don haɗawa da grid ɗin wuta.Waɗannan jarin yawanci suna ɗaukar aƙalla shekaru 2-3 don dawowa.Idan sake fasalin ya dogara ne akan tarin cajin da ake da su, kamfanoni na iya rasa isassun abubuwan ƙarfafawa kafin a dawo da kuɗin.
A baya, rahotannin kafofin watsa labaru sun bayyana cewa, a halin yanzu, tallata fasahar V2G a birane za su fuskanci manyan kalubale guda biyu: Na farko shi ne tsadar gini na farko.Abu na biyu, idan an haɗa wutar lantarki ta motocin lantarki zuwa grid ba tare da tsari ba, yana iya shafar kwanciyar hankali na grid.
Halin fasaha yana da kyakkyawan fata kuma yana da babban tasiri a cikin dogon lokaci.
Menene aikace-aikacen fasahar V2G ke nufi ga masu motoci?Nazarin da suka dace ya nuna cewa ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙananan trams yana kusan 6km / kWh (wato, sa'a kilowatt ɗaya na wutar lantarki na iya tafiyar kilomita 6).Yawan baturi na ƙananan motocin lantarki gabaɗaya yana da 60-80kWh (sa'o'i 60-80 na wutar lantarki), kuma motar lantarki tana iya ɗaukar kusan kilowatt 80 na wutar lantarki.Koyaya, amfani da makamashin abin hawa kuma ya haɗa da kwandishan, da sauransu. Idan aka kwatanta da yanayin da ya dace, za a rage nisan tuki.
Mutumin da ke kula da kamfanin cajin da aka ambata yana da kyakkyawan fata game da fasahar V2G.Ya yi nuni da cewa sabuwar motar da za ta yi amfani da makamashi za ta iya adana wutar lantarki na kilowatt 80 a lokacin da ta cika kuma tana iya isar da wutar lantarkin kilowatt 50 a grid a kowane lokaci.An kirga bisa farashin wutar lantarki da masu bincike suka gani a wurin ajiye motoci na karkashin kasa na babban kanti a titin zobe na hudu na gabas, birnin Beijing, farashin cajin lokacin da ba a kai ga kololuwar sa'o'i ya kai yuan 1.1/kWh (farashin caji yana da ƙasa a bayan gari), kuma Farashin caji a lokacin mafi girman sa'o'i shine yuan 2.1/kWh.Idan aka ɗauka cewa mai motar yana cajin sa'o'i mafi girma a kowace rana kuma yana ba da wutar lantarki a cikin sa'o'i mafi girma, dangane da farashin yanzu, mai motar zai iya samun ribar akalla yuan 50 a kowace rana."Tare da yuwuwar gyare-gyaren farashi daga grid ɗin wutar lantarki, kamar aiwatar da farashin kasuwa a cikin sa'o'i mafi girma, kudaden shiga daga motocin da ke isar da wutar lantarki na iya ƙara ƙaruwa."
Mutumin da ke kula da tashar wutar lantarki da aka ambata a baya ya nuna cewa ta hanyar fasahar V2G, dole ne a yi la'akari da asarar batir lokacin da motocin lantarki ke aika wuta zuwa grid.Rahotanni masu dacewa sun nuna cewa farashin batirin 60kWh ya kai dalar Amurka $7,680 (daidai da kusan RMB 55,000).
Don cajin kamfanoni masu tarin yawa, yayin da adadin sabbin motocin makamashi ke ci gaba da karuwa, kasuwar buƙatun fasahar V2G kuma za ta haɓaka.Lokacin da motocin lantarki ke watsa wutar lantarki zuwa grid ta hanyar caji, kamfanonin cajin na iya cajin wani “kudin sabis na dandamali”.Bugu da kari, a yawancin biranen kasar Sin, kamfanoni suna zuba jari da gudanar da ayyukan caji, kuma gwamnati za ta ba da tallafin da ya dace.
Biranen cikin gida suna haɓaka aikace-aikacen V2G a hankali.A watan Yulin shekarar 2023, an fara amfani da tashar nuna caji ta V2G ta farko a birnin Zhoushan bisa hukuma, kuma an kammala aikin yin ciniki a wurin shakatawa na farko a lardin Zhejiang cikin nasara.A ranar 9 ga Janairu, 2024, NIO ta sanar da cewa an fara aiki da rukunin farko na tashoshin caji na V2G a Shanghai a hukumance.
Cui Dongshu, babban sakatare-janar na Ƙungiyar Haɗin gwiwar Kasuwar Motar Fasinja ta Ƙasa, tana da kyakkyawan fata game da yuwuwar fasahar V2G.Ya shaida wa masu binciken cewa, da ci gaban fasahar batirin wutar lantarki, za a iya kara tsawon rayuwar batirin zuwa sau 3,000 ko sama da haka, wanda ya yi daidai da shekaru 10 da ake amfani da shi.Wannan yana da mahimmanci ga yanayin aikace-aikacen inda ake yawan cajin motocin lantarki da fitarwa.
Masu bincike a kasashen waje sun yi irin wannan binciken.Kwanan nan ACT na Ostiraliya ya kammala aikin binciken fasaha na V2G na shekaru biyu mai suna "Gane da Motocin Lantarki zuwa Ayyukan Grid (REVS)".Ya nuna cewa tare da babban ci gaban fasaha, ana sa ran za a rage farashin cajin V2G sosai.Wannan yana nufin cewa a cikin dogon lokaci, yayin da farashin cajin kayan aikin ya ragu, farashin motocin lantarki kuma zai ragu, ta yadda za a rage farashin amfani na dogon lokaci.Sakamakon binciken kuma zai iya zama da fa'ida musamman don daidaita shigar da makamashin da ake sabuntawa a cikin grid a lokacin mafi girman lokutan wutar lantarki.
Yana buƙatar haɗin gwiwar grid ɗin wutar lantarki da mafita mai dogaro da kasuwa.
A matakin fasaha, tsarin motocin lantarki da ke ciyar da wutar lantarki zuwa grid ɗin wutar lantarki zai ƙara rikitar da aikin gaba ɗaya.
Xi Guofu, darektan ma'aikatar raya masana'antu ta kasar Sin, ya taba cewa, cajin sabbin motocin makamashi ya hada da "babban nauyi da karancin wutar lantarki".Yawancin sabbin masu motocin makamashi sun saba yin caji tsakanin 19:00 zuwa 23:00, wanda ya yi daidai da lokacin kololuwar nauyin wutar lantarki.Kamar yadda ya kai 85%, wanda ke ƙarfafa nauyin wutar lantarki mafi girma kuma yana kawo tasiri mai girma ga hanyar rarrabawa.
Daga hangen nesa mai amfani, lokacin da motocin lantarki suke ciyar da wutar lantarki zuwa grid, ana buƙatar mai canza wuta don daidaita wutar lantarki don tabbatar da dacewa da grid.Wannan yana nufin cewa tsarin fitar da abin hawa lantarki yana buƙatar dacewa da fasahar taswira ta grid ɗin wutar lantarki.Musamman, watsa wutar lantarki daga tarin caji zuwa tram ɗin ya haɗa da watsa wutar lantarki daga mafi girman ƙarfin lantarki zuwa ƙananan ƙarfin lantarki, yayin da watsa wutar lantarki daga tram zuwa tarin caji (kuma haka zuwa grid) yana buƙatar karuwa daga ƙananan ƙarfin lantarki zuwa mafi girman ƙarfin lantarki.A cikin fasaha Ya fi rikitarwa, ya haɗa da jujjuya wutar lantarki da tabbatar da daidaiton ƙarfin lantarki da bin ka'idodin grid.
Mutumin da ke kula da tashar wutar lantarki da aka ambata a baya ya nuna cewa grid ɗin yana buƙatar gudanar da daidaitaccen tsarin sarrafa makamashi don caji da tafiyar da ayyukan motocin lantarki da yawa, wanda ba kawai ƙalubalen fasaha ba ne, har ma ya haɗa da daidaita dabarun aikin grid. .
Ya ce: “Alal misali, a wasu wuraren, wayoyi masu amfani da wutar lantarki da ake da su ba su da kauri da za su iya tallafa wa tarin caji.Wannan yayi daidai da tsarin bututun ruwa.Babban bututu ba zai iya samar da isasshen ruwa ga dukkan bututun reshe ba kuma yana buƙatar sake yin amfani da shi.Wannan yana buƙatar sakewa da yawa.Kudin gini mai yawa.”Ko da an shigar da tulin caji a wani wuri, ƙila ba za su yi aiki da kyau ba saboda matsalolin iyawar grid.
Ana buƙatar haɓaka aikin daidaitawa daidai.Misali, ikon jinkirin cajin caja yawanci kilowatts 7 (7KW) ne, yayin da jimillar ƙarfin kayan aikin gida a matsakaicin gida ya kai kilowatts 3 (3KW).Idan an haɗa tulin caji ɗaya ko biyu, za a iya ɗaukar kaya gabaɗaya, kuma ko da an yi amfani da wutar a cikin sa'o'i marasa ƙarfi, grid ɗin wutar lantarki na iya ƙara kwanciyar hankali.Koyaya, idan an haɗa tarin tulin caji da yawa kuma ana amfani da wutar lantarki a lokuta mafi girma, ana iya wuce ƙarfin lodin grid.
Ma’aikacin da ke kula da tashar wutar lantarkin da aka ambata a baya ya ce, a karkashin shirin samar da wutar lantarki, za a iya binciko kasuwannin wutar lantarki domin magance matsalar inganta caji da fitar da sabbin motocin da ke amfani da wutar lantarki zuwa na’urar wutar lantarki a nan gaba.A halin yanzu, kamfanonin samar da wutar lantarki suna sayar da makamashin lantarki ga kamfanonin samar da wutar lantarki, sannan su rarraba shi ga masu amfani da su da kuma kamfanoni.Multi-matakin wurare dabam dabam yana ƙara yawan farashin samar da wutar lantarki.Idan masu amfani da kasuwanci za su iya siyan wutar lantarki kai tsaye daga kamfanonin samar da wutar lantarki, hakan zai sauƙaƙa sarkar samar da wutar lantarki.“Sayan kai tsaye na iya rage tsaka-tsakin hanyoyin sadarwa, ta yadda za a rage tsadar wutar lantarki.Hakanan yana iya haɓaka kamfanoni masu caji don ƙara himma da shiga cikin samar da wutar lantarki da ka'idojin grid ɗin wutar lantarki, wanda ke da matuƙar mahimmanci ga ingantaccen aiki na kasuwar wutar lantarki da haɓaka fasahar haɗin kan abin hawa-grid."
Qin Jianze, darektan Cibiyar Sabis na Makamashi (Cibiyar Kula da Load) na State Grid Smart Internet of Vehicles Technology Co., Ltd., ya ba da shawarar cewa ta hanyar yin amfani da ayyuka da fa'idodi na dandalin Intanet na Motoci, ana iya haɗa tari na cajin kadarorin jama'a. zuwa dandalin Intanet na Motoci don sauƙaƙa ayyukan ma'aikatan zamantakewa.Gina bakin kofa, rage farashin saka hannun jari, cimma nasara-nasara tare da dandalin Intanet na Motoci, da gina muhallin masana'antu mai dorewa.
Susie
Abubuwan da aka bayar na Sichuan Green Science & Technology Ltd.
0086 19302815938
Lokacin aikawa: Fabrairu-10-2024
